The Role of Peer Pressure in the Development of Eating Disorders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1283 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Peer Pressure Essay Did you like this example? Peer pressure increases the likelihood of young women developing eating disorders through social pressures to be thin, desire for approval from friends, and indirect competition within peer groups. Social Pressures to be Thin The pressure of society increases the likelihood of young women to develop eating disorders. In the words of Deanna Linville, an associate professor of counseling psychology and human services at the University of Oregon, eating disorders among young women aged 11-17 are associated with â€Å"criticisms of appearance and interpersonal pressure to be thin† (Linville et al. 746). More simply put, young women are persuaded to look a certain way by society and their peers. This is illustrated in a study performed by Lauren Shomaker, associate professor of human development and family studies at Colorado State University, and Wyndol Furman, of the University of Denver Department of Psychology, which found the pressure to be thin â€Å"increased during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood whereas body dissatisfaction decreased and then increased again over the study period† (Linville et al. 749). Individuals are most naive during their adolescent and young adult years, as they are most impressionable during this age, which is why they are increasingly more likely to develop disordered eating habits. Further, a research review organized by psychology professors Kristen Culbert at the University of Nevada, Sarah Racine at McGill University, and Kelly Klump at Michigan State University concluded that cases of eating disorders including anorexia and bulimia have increased along with the appreciation of thinness in Western cultures (Culbert et al. 1145). The United States is strongly influenced by European (or Western) cultures, which regard thinness as a trait of beauty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Role of Peer Pressure in the Development of Eating Disorders" essay for you Create order Since American culture values appearance, society idolizes thin women and criticizes those who are not. According to the Healthy Teen Project, a center for eating disorder recovery located in Los Altos, California, being shamed for weight and physical appearance are compelling factors in the development of eating disorders. Prior to the start of their eating disorder, many teenagers reported being criticized for their appearance by their peers (â€Å"Adolescent Eating Disorders such as Anorexia, Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorders Are Treatable†). These criticisms concerning weight and physical appearance result in many feeling pressured to lose weight and get thin; eating disorders are one of these coping methods. Desire for Approval From Friends The feelings and actions of young women are greatly impacted by the desire for friends’ approval. As the psychologist and postdoctoral fellow at Children’s National Medical Center Eleanor Mackey puts it, weight control behaviors are highly influenced by the perceptions of their peers (Squires). As portrayed by this view, those who are surrounded by critical peers often take part in weight control behaviors, including eating disorders. In the words of Linda Buchan, a registered psychologist at Calgary Counseling Centre, â€Å"Some kids will go through a phase of starving themselves because their friends are doing it† (Holden). To fit in with their friends, some young women will develop eating disorders, whether it be because their friends or doing it, or simply as an attempt to appear more attractive. Many of Buchan’s clients who struggle with eating disorders began doing so in high school, where they learned it from their peers (Holden). Young women alread y have relatively low self-esteem during their teenage years. The desire to please their friends only makes matters worse. One of the reasons for these low levels of self-esteem is body dissatisfaction, which is the negative personal assessment of one’s body involving weight and shape (Joseph and Shiffrar). A study led by Dr. Pamela Keel of Florida State University’s Department of Psychology found that women who had lower body satisfaction often received remarks from friends regarding their weight and diet. The researchers also concluded that women who undergo eating disorders at a greater extent were more likely to â€Å"choose peers who make frequent comments† concerning their weight (â€Å"The Effect of Peers on Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Pathology†). Body dissatisfaction, which is affected by remarks from peers, prompts young women to develop eating disorders. Ultimately, young women whose friends tend to criticize their weight and appearance are endangered to develop low levels of body satisfaction, which leads to eating disorders. Competition Within Peer Groups Young women in America, teenagers especially, have a tendency to be extremely competitive toward one another. Results from a study designed and analyzed by Christopher J. Ferguson, an associate professor of psychology at Texas AM International University, suggest that competition between peers predicts negative outcomes (Ferguson et al.). In the class of these outcomes is low body satisfaction, which is associated with eating disorder development. In the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Texas AM International University contends when evaluating body image, young women attend to competition issues (Munoz et al. 480). Competing with other girls they feel to be â€Å"prettier† or â€Å"better looking† makes teenage girls feel inferior. When combined with the pressures of fitting in, these feelings of inferiority may prompt young women to refer to extreme, unhealthy measures such as eating disorders to rebuild themselves. Adding to the tension that already exists among young females are young men. Results of an experimental study led by Monica Munoz, associate professor and director of the Bachelor of Arts in Psychology at Texas AM International University, indicate women and girls are less satisfied with their bodies when competitive females and desirable males are present (Munoz et al. 480). When a â€Å"desirable male† is present, natural instincts force young women to compete with each other to an even greater extent. This high level of competition that occurs in the presence of young men causes young women to feel insecure, and dissatisfied with their body shape and weight. To manage these feelings, many will find themselves developing eating disorders. Because of the indivisible and increasing connection between peer pressure and eating disorders among young women, efforts must be made to improve body satisfaction to minimize the likelihood of eating disorder development in the United Sta tes. Works Cited â€Å"Adolescent Eating Disorders such as Anorexia, Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorders Are Treatable.† The Healthy Teen Project, www.healthyteenproject.com/adolescent-eating-disorders-ca. Culbert, Kristen M., et al. â€Å"Research Review: What We Have Learned about the Causes of Eating Disorders a Synthesis of Sociocultural, Psychological, and Biological Research.† Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry, vol. 56, no. 11, Nov. 2015, pp. 1141–1164. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/jcpp.12441. Ferguson, Christopher J., et al. â€Å"Concurrent and Prospective Analyses of Peer, Television and Social Media Influences on Body Dissatisfaction, Eating Disorder Symptoms and Life Satisfaction in Adolescent Girls.† Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol. 43, no. 1, 2013, pp. 1–14., doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9898-9. Holden, Lindsay. â€Å"Peer Pressure Can Hurt Healthy Eating Habits.† Calgary Herald, 14 Aug. 2012, www.calgaryherald.com/health/Peer+pressure+hurt+healthy+eating+ habits/7089849/story.html. Joseph, Christina, and Maggie Shiffrar . â€Å"Eating Disorders .† Maggie Shiffrar, Ph.D. Visual Cognition Lab, May 2011, nwkpsych.rutgers.edu/roar/EatingDisorders.html. Linville, Deanna et al. â€Å"Predictive Effects of Mother and Peer Influences on Increases in Adolescent Eating Disorder Risk Factors and Symptoms: A 3-year Longitudinal Study† International Journal of Eating Disorders vol. 44,8 (2011): 745-51. Munoz, Monica E., et al. â€Å"Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Peer Competition, Television Influences and Body Image Dissatisfaction.† Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5 Nov. 2011, pp. 458–483., doi:10.1037/e634112013-396. Squires, Sally. â€Å"Peer Pressure Can Carry Great Weight in Girls Eating and Exercise Habits.† The Washington Post, WP Company, 15 July 2008, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/14/AR2008071401436_2.htm l?noredirect=onsid=ST2008071401608. â€Å"The Effect of Peers on Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Pathology.† Eating Disorders Review, vol. 24, no. 1, Jan. 2013, p. 12. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueAuthType=ip,uid,cpid,urlcustid=s11761 92db=a9hAN=90544525.

Comparing Gandhi To 5 Other Greatest Leaders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 700 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category People Essay Level High school Topics: Mahatma Gandhi Essay Did you like this example? I will be comparing some of the known Greatest Leaders with Gandhi today the 5 leaders I will be using today is Adolf Hitler, Martin Luther King JR, Genghis Khan, Harriet Tubman, and Cesar Chavez although these leaders all did something different they still have something that makes them the same and thats how they all wanted to change something they didnt believe was right. I will be comparing Gandhi and Hitler where I live hitler is considered a bad person and what he did was wrong and Gandhi is known as one of the most peaceful person why didnt use violence to fight back some differences they had was that in Gandhis eyes everyone was the same while in Hitlers he only saw perfection in blond hair and blue eyes. Hitler grow up poor as a child while Gandhi grow up slightly in the middle class so their social standards slightly different. Even though they were different they also had some similarities like both having been in the military and growing up very religious they were born with the power to give great speeches to influencing people to follow them which is what   got them loads of followers and helped them stand thier ground to get to thier goal. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparing Gandhi To 5 Other Greatest Leaders" essay for you Create order One thing Gandhi liked to do was march to protest it was also what Martin Luther King JR did Gandhi was one of the people to inspire Martin Luther King JR in a way they were very similar then they were different they both believed it wasnt right to use violence to get your message across instead they used different methods like strikes and protest are just marching to get there points across this not violence also had to do with how religious they were growing up, they wanted to make a civil rights movement. The only difference they had was that Gandhi traveled the world to hold protest for other people who needed help with their rights and freedom but overall Gandhi and Martin Luther King had the same ideal plan then any of the other leaders Im going to compare Gandhi to. Gandhi was never one to use violence to get his way unlike Genghis Khan who made people terrified of him because of his killing methods that were straight Torturing they, had different religions which may be why Khan was more forceful than Gandhi. They both gave people a choice to follow them of course if they choose not to follow Khan they would have got killed so he had a lot of followers out of fear they still gave you the right to pick what you wanted theirs not very much to compare similar with them. Gandhi never hide his work he always did it in the open unlike Harriet Tubman who had to stay hidden to help people because in her time she would of died for her crimes. Harriet Tubman was never very religious like Gandhi and she used different ways to save her people it was never the same train or place twice she had to be very careful unlike Gandhi who could just go out in the open to do his protest but he wasnt breaking laws either. They both believed in civil rights and were activist. Even though Gandhi was ruled by Britain they werent really enslaved almost like Cesar Chavez but he had to work multiple hours to stay in his house and didnt have a lot of freedom. Even though they were both treated wrong by white people they never used violence to get their point across they held protest instead they also both fought for civil rights and were activist. A couple facts I found interesting how they all had something in coming since they all had different time zones kinda. Gandhi and MLK had a lot of similar things they did even though they had different cultures and goals Hitler was born in Austria but moved to Germany One of Gandhis nickname was Bapu They all in a way achieved their goals These are my comparisons to the 5 Greatest Leaders of all Time Adolf Hitler, Martin Luther King JR, Genghis Mahatma Gandhi, Khan, Harriet Tubman, and Cesar Chavez

Self-Images and Selfies - 1509 Words

Self-Image and Selfies: A Freudian Analysis Chosen as Oxford dictionaries as the 2013 word of the year, the term selfie refers to â€Å"a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically with a smartphone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website. The term has made a definite mark on popular culture, the frequency usage increased over 17,000% in the 2012-2013 year (BBC News). With the rise in popularity there has also been much discussion on the possible effects of the selfie phenomena. Some articles argue that taking a high number of selfies is a sign of the increasing narcissism and self- objectification of modern culture that may lead to mental health issues such as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Others suggest that taking selfies empowers the individual and promotes healthy levels of self-esteem. While viewpoints on the topic tend to be diametrically divided, a Freudian perspective provides support for both views, as the topic is more complex than it first seems. In order to understand the interest in selfies, their ramifications, and to better apply a Freudian perspective, it is important to first discuss the cultural prevalence and significance. Selfies are widespread due to the ease of access of the technology. People everywhere, from the US President and the Pope to astronauts in space to elementary school children have the ability to capture photos of themselves and have been involved in selfies. The popularity of the practice isShow MoreRelatedEssay Selfie and Self Image 1114 Words   |  5 Pagessits in front of this generation allows people to be self-absorbed easily. With the use of applications like Instagram, Snap Chat, and Facetime, twitter, Facebook, and other smart phone applications; these mechanisms allow pop culture to fall into this egotistical state of mind. When these social media sites and technology are being used to create these selfies it causes a blurred line between being self-absorbed and working on the self-imag e of an individual. One of major uses of the word selfieRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society924 Words   |  4 Pagesmocking it or participating it. As selfies get more popular the beauty standard are impossible to reach for ordinary young women. Every individual have different perspective of what self-portrait present. In fact, based on my own experience and the experience of classmate, I cannot deny the boost in confidence level that selfies bring. People, who were often unexpressive and distrustful of their own positive trait in the real world, often finds their worth through selfies. This is the case of Samuel NgureRead MoreThe Social Aspect Of A Self Image1746 Words   |  7 Pagesbe the modern approach to self-portraiture with â€Å"More then 1 Million Selfie’s taken each day†. The global popularity of this ritual of social networking has even had a song dedicated to this trend, symbolising of an era of youth culture. The ‘bandwagon’ mentality fashioned from this phenomenon of a popular trend, in effect attracts greater popularity as a result of people doing something, not based on its merit, but based on what others do. The concept of a self-image is not a new idea as theRead MoreVisual And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders990 Words   |  4 Pagesof a selfie and the potentially threatening psychology behind a picture that to many seems harmless. Low Self-Esteem Due to the forever evolving growth of social media, and the portrayal of how the world perceives beauty low self-esteem is a common mental health disruption. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does not recognize low-self esteem as a diagnosis, yet low self-esteem can be the foundation to depression, anxiety, ADHD, codependence, failed relationships and acceptanceRead MoreThe First American Self Portrait Photo862 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst American self-portrait photo produced in 1839 was of Robert Cornelius using a daguerreotype, who took a photo of himself outside of his family’s store in Philadelphia, PA† (Rashi). Furthermore, the first self-portrait photo that was tagged with #selfie appeared in 2004. The image was posted on Flicker which is a photo-sharing website (Rashi). The term selfie also mentioned by Jim Krause who is a photographer in 2005. In Jim Krause’s book, he defined selfies as, â€Å"one of those images that is takenRead MoreSocial Network Sites and Social Interaction1403 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Literature Review Human beings are social beings and as such, social interaction with others is crucial to one’s definition, and perception of the self. Social interaction happens everyday, and there are many components that work collaboratively in order to make these encounters flow in a smooth manner (Goffman). Everyone engages in what Goffman called impression management (IM) and this is which means that every participant in a social interaction defines the situation with the informationRead MoreAnalysis Of Jacque Lacan s The Mirror Stage1644 Words   |  7 PagesMirror Stage for the second time this semester I started thinking about my own younger brother’s introduction to the mirror a few years ago. As I was trying to remember this interaction, I came to the realization that his first interaction with his â€Å"self† wasn’t with a mirror at all- it was actually with an iPhone’s front facing camera- used as a form of distraction while he sat in his highchair. T his made start thinking about the fact that the recent generations are the first who do not need a mirrorRead MoreWhat Gives People Me Take A Selfie?1488 Words   |  6 PagesBarack Obama, the President of the United States, take selfies. A selfie is basically a picture of yourself, a self-portrait that is usually shared on any social networking site. By just switching to front camera with just a tap, anyone is able to take a selfie. It is a popular trend and is a part of our modern day culture that a lot of us engage without a second thought, as if it is as much as who we are or as the clothes that we wear. Selfies seems to have made its way into the social norms. YoungRead MoreAssociation Among Self Photography And Self Esteem, And Narcissism1218 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation Among Self-Photography and Self-Esteem, and Narcissism The procreation of social media in daily life has caused various questions about how individuals display themselves in these platform. The recent studies explored the association between self-esteem and the posting of self-photographs on a social media networking site such as Instagram, Snapchat and Facebook. Social media arenas have become strikingly popular in the past decade serving the varied communicative intentions. DespiteRead MoreHow Does Technology Affect Our Lives?849 Words   |  4 Pages most teenagers just can t seem to put their phones down and I ve even seen them out to dinner or in a class, playing on their phones and not being in the moment. This can cause all types of mental disorders or addiction. We develop of sense of self worth and esteem based on perceptions of those who we interact with on a daily basis. This has all changed since social media has come into play, we are interacting with thousands of people who we don t even physically see or encounter. Their observations

The Potential Effects Of Five Different Life Factors On...

P2: explain the potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual Introduction There are different factors that can influence an individual’s development. When an individual is developing there are different biological and environmental factors that can determine the way they are, the way they act and the way they develop. It all depends on a combination of both environmental and biological influences. In this assignment I will talk about the five life factors that affect the development of an individual. The five life factors are genetic, biological, environmental, socioeconomic and lifestyle are all the life factors which affect the development of an individual. Historically different philosophers and theorists have disagreed that we are born to be the way we are. Other theorists have argued that it is the way we have been raised and the environment we have lived in that influences and makes us who we are. This argument is known as the nature-nurture debate. Nature is what we think and it is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. In the nature versus nature debate nature refers to an individual’s innate qualities. An example of nature is that nature is your genes. The physical and personal traits determined by your genes stay the same no matter where an individual was born or raised. Factors of nature are biological and family factors. In nature physical traits may be a result of environmental factors forShow MoreRelatedExplain the Potential Effects of Five Different Life Factors on the Development of an Individual3069 Words   |  13 PagesP2 – Explain the potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual Genetics affect who you will grow to be in many ways. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the language of life that is within every living thing, genetic instructions that form what we will become. There is still much of the language that scientists don’t understand, but after extensive research scientists have found that certain gene codes actually relate to increased chances of developing a cancer orRead MoreExplain the Potential Effects of Five Different Life Factors on the Development of an Individual1779 Words   |  8 PagesExplain the potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual There are five different types of factors that can influence the development an individual for example, lifestyle influences, socio-economic influences, genetic influences, biological influences and environmental influences. Lifestyle In relation to Stephen, a lifestyle factor could be alcohol. If Stephen had taken alcohol these would have been the effects tha t would or could have happened. Many peopleRead MoreExplain the Potential Effects of Five Different Life Factors on the Development of an Individual.3226 Words   |  13 PagesRachel Fry - P2- Explain the potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual. Life Factors There are five life factors that can effect a person’s growth and development, these are; †¢ Genetic †¢ Biological †¢ Environmental †¢ Socioeconomic †¢ Lifestyle Genetic Factors Determinism/Choice and Interaction Determinism is the belief that your future is fixed or determined, either by what you have genetically inherited or by your social environmentRead MoreTrait Theory And Social Cognitive Theories1190 Words   |  5 Pagesto describing personalities and giving the person more control over their own behavioral change rather than giving them an excuse as to why they can’t change their behaviors. The Five Factor Model or Big Five model developed by McCrae and Costa factor together personality traits into 5 major categories. Those factors were Neuroticism (worried insecure, nervous, highly strung), Extraversion (Sociable, talkative, fun-loving, affectionate), Openness (Original, independent, creative, daring), AgreeablenessRead MorePorters Five Force Analysis1618 Words   |  7 PagesThis Michael Porter s five force analysis of Starbucks coffee shows the intensity of the five strengths of the firm and the basis of these powers. Starbucks coffee s prosperity shows its viability tending to these outside elements in its industrial surroundings. However, this five forces investigation highlights current industry conditions that force present and developing concerns significant to Starbucks coffee s business. These five forces have different intensities or powers on the basis ofRead MorePorters Five Forces Analysis1622 Words   |  7 Pages1 Porter s Five Forces This Michael Porter s five force analysis of Starbucks coffee shows the intensity of the five strengths of the firm and the basis of these powers. Starbucks coffee s prosperity shows its viability tending to these outside elements in its industrial surroundings. However, this five forces investigation highlights current industry conditions that force present and developing concerns significant to Starbucks coffee s business. These five forces have different intensitiesRead MoreDoes Personality Correlate With Subjective Well-Being?1345 Words   |  6 Pagespersonality will contribute to the overall well-being of the individual. Certain personality traits have an effect on the individual well-being. Individuals showing improvements in those traits, over time, will often show comparable enhancement to their well-being. Subjective well-being refers to how an individual evaluates the quality of their life. In simple words, subjective well-being is how well an individual thinks and feels of how well their life is going. Subjective well-being includes the broadRead MoreEssay on P2 Unit 4 Health and Social Care1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthe potential effects of five different life factors, on the development of an individual There are different factors that can influence a person development. When a person is developing that are different biological and environment factors that can determinate the way they are, how they act and how they develop. It all depends on a combination of both biological inheritance and the environment influences. In this assignment I will talk about how five different factors affect an individual developmentRead MorePersonality Is Developed From Genes ( Nature ) Or Influenced By Environment ( Nurture ) Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagespersonalities change. Different scholarly-based material was used to support either stance on the issue. The articles and research helped to decipher the roles of parents, genes, biology, the environment, experiences, and culture in a person’s personality. Personality theories were inputted to come to a conclusion on the subject of interest that is derived from actions, emotions, and attitudes. Many contemporary psychologists have distinguish ed five clusters of personality traits called the Big Five. The resultsRead MoreQuestions On 15 Stress Elements1576 Words   |  7 Pagesdealing with the problem. Responses were given on a one to five scale with one being least stressful or supportive and 5 being the most stressful or supportive. Participants were also able to say if questions were irrelevant. The primary factors to me measured were taken from a study with forty male and female adolescents who had recently undergone a relocation and were asked for context with their experience. Items that were found in five or more interviews were added to the questionnaire. The researchers

Do Marketers Have the Ability to Control Our Desires free essay sample

Do marketers have the ability to control our desires or the power to create needs? Is this situation changing as the Internet creates new ways to interact with companies? If so, how? Marketers do not have the ability to control our desires through effective marketing techniques. By taking into consideration demographics and psychographics marketers can successfully market products to their intended market segments thus increasing the desire for their product. People also often buy products for what they represent such as Victoria Secrets to look sexy. But the marketers do not know enough about everyone to manipulate them so they have to sell good quality products for a fair price for their market segments to succeed. Marketers do not have the power to create needs only wants or desire for their product. A need is a biological requirement such as food, water, and shelter. Marketers exploit needs by trying to showing how their product is the best item to satisfy the need. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Marketers Have the Ability to Control Our Desires or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An example is water, why have water when you can have a soda. Why have any other soda when you can have a Coca-Cola, the real thing. The internet has created new ways to interact with companies. People no longer have to go to a store to shop. They can do it from their house or anywhere that they have access to the internet any time and day of the week. People are also no longer limited by geography. They can make purchases from the other side of the globe with a click of the mouse. Companies are also starting to us your cell phone’s GPS capability to send advertisements to you once you are in a certain distance from their store. Organizations that use the Internet are also being started to protest companies due to the companies’ actions. One example is Save the Redwoods/Boycott the GAP.

Consumer Behavior Analysis Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Comsumer Behavior. Answer: Background information The chosen product is a Dell Inspiron signature Edition Laptop, with 15.6 full HD touch-screen, i5 microprocessor, 8GB Random access memory (RAM), 1 terabyte internal memory and Windows 10 operating system specs. The machine is suitable for multitasking and with its high internal storage of 1 terabyte the Laptop is able to store many files internally without having to source for external disks or using cloud storage which will require internet connectivity to be able to access files. The consumers are two University students which I interviewed in one of the Universities around. Consumer 1 was a 19 year old, male, third year student taking undergraduate studies in Education. Apart from studies consumer has a side hustle of buying latest movies online and reselling the same to the fellow students in the University. His work requires high speed PC with high internal memory probably beyond 800 GB so that he can be able to store the movies as well as storing his class work in school. He is also an upcoming DJ and sometimes does gigs in University for free to fellow students especially at the beginning of every semester and as he puts it to welcome back students to school life after break. Review, D. and Review, D. (2017). Dell XPS 13. [online] Laptopmag.com. Available at: https://www.laptopmag.com/reviews/laptops/dell-xps-13 [Accessed 20 Apr. 2017]. The second participant in the interview consumer 2 was 20 year old, female student in the same University as consumer 1, taking undergraduate studies in software Engineering. She is into software development and already she develops simple apps for fellow students such her University Student Union App that allows students to share the challenges they are facing in University whether academic or social. Since the University has high population of students the problems posted on the platform developed by consumer 2 are always solved fast enough without much ado. She always intents to commercialize her talent and started visiting various companies in her local city to try and see if she can develop them an app or a software which can better streamline their operations. The Dell PC she had i3 processor and 500 GD internal memory. Review, D. and Review, D. (2017). Dell XPS 13. [online] Laptopmag.com. Available at: https://www.laptopmag.com/reviews/laptops/dell-xps-13 [Accessed 20 Apr. 201 7]. Both types of purchase were limited and high involvement decision. Analysis of the respondents decision making process Problem recognition The first consumer was experiencing challenges in storage capacity in his Laptop has his customer number grew with time. He was a times forced to delete older movies in his internal spaces and save them in external disk which presents another challenge of ensuring he carries it with him wherever he goes. He would a time save the files in Google hard-drive commonly which has small memory capacity per account not enough to hold several movies. This problem made him of purchasing a PC with better capacity memory as well as high speed. The HP laptop he had only had 250GB internal memory and i3 processor which means its speed was also not sufficient especially when he needs to multitask downloading a movie and burning others for clients. (Noel, 2009) The second consumer experienced challenges when she needed a bigger memory also where she can have all her files together in one place and use external memories only as backups. She also needed a machine with high speed processing capabilities i5 processor and above so that she can load her software efficiently especially for demonstration purposes to a potential client. Search process The two consumers utilized search engines such as Google in searching for the relevant information on best offers available on PCs especially those with high internal memory and high processing speed. They also sought information from fellow students and friends who had experience with several machines they had and were using them. Both consumers begun their risk management at this stage by avoiding buying machines with less than i5 processor capabilities as they were keen not fall into the trap with a machine with high internal memory but low processor speed. (Mihart, 2012) Evaluating Alternatives Both consumers arrived at a conclusion that the PC which will help the effectively carry out their tasks and solve the problems they were facing must be having a minimum specification of 1 terabyte internal hard disk or memory with a minimum of i5 processor. The other specification like battery life and sleekness or outward appearance were secondary to them and were willing to compromise as long as the primary specs are met fully. Both consumers considered a number of PC available which met and exceeded their primary specification like HP Pavilion which had i7 processor and 1 terabyte internal memory but were both put off by the price which was ranging from 800 USD to 850 USD depending on the store. Consumer 1 went to several stores looking for best deals for the HP PC but in the end he couldnt find a store with better price for him. For consumer 2 she only went to one major store and drew all comparisons from the store. This was her friends Computer store and she couldnt go elsewher e to do her checks. She also pointed out that the store had good reputation of having good quality affordable computer machines and accessories. (Mihart, 2012) Selection stage After careful considerations they both settled on purchasing Dell Inspiron Laptop, the machine with 1terabyte internal memory and i5 microprocessor. This machine was the best balance according to them with regard to price and specification. Consumer1 purchased his product from an online store which retailed at 380 USD. The online store was carrying out their first sales launch as it was opening its online platform for the first time to clients apart from the physical shop they had in the city. This price was highly subsidized and Consumer 1 learned about it through a social media advert he came across. Consumer 2 had to purchase the same product from her friends store for friendship reasons. She also intended to build a business relationship with her so that she can refer to her clients who visit her computer store inquiring about software. She bought the product at 420 USD. Evaluation of Decision After purchasing the products both consumers were satisfied with their performance. Consumer one could easily multitask on several operations for different clients such as burning to disks, saving to USB sticks, downloading new series and checking internal memory for other previous movies downloaded. He could keep his movies for longer period without deleting incase a customer pops up to inquire about it. Consumer 2 would was able to load and carry out demonstrations to her potential clients smoothly without machines hanging or loading slowly. Comparisons between respondents purchase decision making process and existing literature. On the first part of problem recognition the consumers demonstrated similarities with existing literature whereby they were both in a problem that they needed solved just as captured in the previous literature. The consumers needed to solve the storage size and speed problem which they were facing. There was however difference on the fact that both consumers had an avenue of considering buying external memories and continue using the same machines but they could not this direction to avoid carrying with them too many gadgets wherever they go. Most Literature I read on this topic did not contain this aspect on this part. (Yap and Yazdanifard, 2014) On the search process the two respondents utilized search engines as well as their friends and fellow students. They also used previous experience they had from previous machines they were using. This is reminiscent to what is captured in the existing literature and I did not find any evidence on the difference between the two cases. The evaluating alternative stage the consumers took a bit different routes while consumer 1 went to several stores to evaluate his product consumer 2 felt the need to boost her friends business and could not evaluate her product by visiting various stores. This is a difference from the existing literature as all of the literature I considered did not have this aspect where friendship could affect the nature of the evaluation stage in consumer purchasing process. (Yap and Yazdanifard, 2014) The selecting stage also had some similarities as well as difference with the previous literature. While consumer 1 was swayed by the advert he came across social media to buy the product from a new online store launching services as captured in the literature, consumer two had to stick to her friend computer store and ended up paying 40 USD more than the first respondent for the same product. Therefore this was the only difference I noted on this stage of the consumer decision making process. (Shankar, Cova and Kozinets, 2007) On the final stage of evaluation decision there was no difference in the way these two consumers behaved in comparison with the existing literature. The consumers gave feedback on whether the product was able to solve their problems just as captured in the literature that I considered. Conclusion In conclusion, we have seen how the two consumers went about the process of selecting the Dell Inspiron product. From the first stage of problem identification through the last stage of evaluation decision, we have noted similarities and difference in comparison to the existing literatures especially on the consumer number two who had friendships reason to incorporate into her decision making process. In future more research should be done on the effect other aspects like friendships has on the purchase decision making process of the consumer. Marketers should also consider channeling more adverts towards social media feeds as this is now one of the major platforms where companies can meet potential clients and pitch to them about their products or services. The traditional marketing techniques such as radio adverts should have less attention as found out in this research. More research can however be done to ascertain this finding. (Shankar, Cova and Kozinets, 2007) References Burnett, M. and Lunsford, D. (2010). Conceptualizing Guilt in the Consumer Decision?making Process. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 11(3), pp.33-43. Mihart, C. (2012). Impact of Integrated Marketing Communication on Consumer Behaviour: Effects on Consumer Decision Making Process. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(2). Nair. (2010). Consumer behaviour marketing research. [Place of publication not identified]: Himalaya Publishing House. Noel, H. (2009). Basics Marketing : Consumer Behaviour. AVA Academia. 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